Did the government go too far Essay

Over time, technology has impacted the police and other law enforcement agencies with new devices for gathering evidence. These new tools have caused constitutional questions to surface. One particular case in Oregon of an individual (DLK) aroused such question. DLK was suspected of growing marijuana inside of his home. Agents used a thermal imager to scan DLK’s residence form the outside. The results indicated heat, just like the kind that is generated by special lights used for growing marijuana indoors. Constructed by the scan, a judge issued a search warrant. A warrant – a legal paper authorizing a search – cannot be issued unless there is a cause, and a probable cause must be sworn to by the police officer or prosecutor and approved by a judge. A warrant must describe what is being searched and what will be seized. 100 marijuana plants were found finalizing the arrest of DLK; however, did the scan violate DLK’s Fourth Amendment rights? The Fourth Amendment states, â€Å"The right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall be issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Constitution). This amendment touches on the expectation of privacy in your home and person. The government is not unable to search you, your home, your belongings, or take your belongings, also known as a seizure, without a good reason. A person’s Fourth Amendment rights may at times seem to delay the world of law enforcement. If the police feel that they have Cornacchia 2 Powerful evidence of a crime that is occurring it seems obvious that they would want to act on that evidence without having to take the time to get a warrant. Courts have ruled that a warrant is not required in every case. Sometimes, the needs of law enforcement to be effective override privacy concerns, but why have privacy rights if they will not be active? I do  believe that the government went too far. â€Å"†¦ [The] Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection† (Stewart). Document A shows a 1967 case, Katz v. United States, where federal agents placed a bug on the outside of a public phone booth that Katz had been using. A bug is a device that allows them to listen in on conversations. It accumulated evidence that led to Katz being convicted to gambling charges. Katz appealed, arguing that the recordings could not be used because they were acquired without a warrant. The court ruled that agents did in fact violate his Fourth Amendment rights, even though they never actually entered Katz’s phone booth. A persons Fourth Amendment rights could still be worked against even when the police are not physically searching a place. In relation to the DLK case, the scan was able to be done without the actual need of being in the home; however, â€Å"But what he seeks to [keep] as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected† (Stewart). Without the use of the thermal imager, the public would have been able to catch this with the naked eye. This was an invasion of privacy. DLK did not intend for this to be seen; therefore, the government did go too far. Cornacchia 3 Thermal imaging cameras convert infrared energy into a visual display, as shown in Document C. The image is a house seen through a thermal scanner. The greatest amounts of heat, which is represented with the color white, generally escape through the windows, doors, and some parts of the walls and roof. These areas of the house usually lack insulation which helps supports DLK’s accidental release of evidence. If he was aware that his privacy was going to be violated by this high tech technology, I’m sure we can suggest that he would have acted upon that problem. This document illustrates just how invasive technology can be; therefore, the government did go too far. Your home is where you should have the most sense of protection and where your privacy should be most respected. In fact, it is supposed to have the most degree of protection of the Fourth Amendment. Document D helps emphasize the unknowingness of the exposure of DLK’s conduct to the public. The advances in technology have far surpassed what can be noticeable without  the use of them. â€Å"When technology can exceed the natural senses, it subverts the human ability to contain private matters in a normal way and threatens the core expectation of privacy in the home† (Document D). Although the imager was able to be used from the outside of the house, it still violated the privacy of what was on the inside. Document F states, â€Å"[In this case,] the Government uses a device that is not in general public use, to explore details of the home that would previously have been unknowable without [going in], the surveillance is a search and is†¦ unreasonable without a warrant† (Scalia).Thermal imagers cross the line of protection of the home and should be used only when auth orized by a warrant; therefore, the government did go too far. Cornacchia 4 Now that new technology is changing the work force, we must consider things that we never have had to before. Although it offers many new advantages, it also places stress and questions on our Country’s Fourth Amendment. When the government uses a method that would help provide information on a case that, in the past, could have been only upheld by entering the home of someone, then the method violates a person’s rights and a warrant must be required.

Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala Essay

During the late 70’s and 80’s, Guatemala experienced the wrath of Hades as the Guatemalan army conducted a genocidal campaign against the Maya through massive violence and terrorism. This campaign was known at first as â€Å"La Situacion† but after the peace accord was signed down in 1996 the persecuted Maya used a more appropriate terminology and called it as â€Å"La Violencia†. Because of the economic sabotage of several Guerilla movements, the government was forced to â€Å"cleanse† Guatemala. Two hundred thousand people, mostly Mayan, were persecuted and murdered and one and a half million people from six hundred twenty six villages were put out of place. Victoria Sanford used the power of language in her book â€Å"Buried Secrets: Truth and Human rights in Guatemala† by gathering more than four hundred testimonies and interviews from forensic experts, human rights activists, military officers, government officials, guerilla soldiers and survivors that seeks community healing, truth and justice. The book provides genuine perspective into the experiences of the survivors as they fight to rebuild their lives and devastated community and more importantly, it shows how these testimonials became evidence of finding truth and justice for the Mayans in Guatemala. Also, the book gave emphasis on the new way of genocide the Guatemalan army carried out. People who agree with the notion that human rights are anthropology’s most important scholarly and political concern would admire Sanford’s book. Sanford sympathetically and critically documents and analyzes one of the most inhuman events in American history, the genocide against the Maya population. She observed the participants with the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation as they disinterred concealed graves, which enabled her to execute what she calls as â€Å"excavation of memories† (p.17) through collecting testimonies from survivors. She used her multisided ethnography to argue persuasively the reformation of genocide from a violent intrusion of villages to the massacre of its inhabitants and to continuous experience of aggression. This point of view is carried out from five intertwined chapters – 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 – in which Sanford explained genocide as a process rather than an event. The first stage is the militarization of the villages where the army would intrude the villages and accuse its inhabitants as sympathizers of the guerillas, specifically the Guerilla Army of the Poor, the Revolutionary Organization of Armed People, the Rebel Armed Forces, and the Guatemalan Labor Party. Villagers are then massacred by the Guatemalan army. At first, only men are murdered but at the end of the reign of terror, children and women will also be slaughtered. The army will further punish the so-called sympathizers by burning all the structures and crops leaving no place for shelter and source of living. Survivors will then flee to the mountains to hide but the army would follow and hunt them. Who ever they’ll see will either be killed or forced to join the army control. The intolerable difficulties that hiding in the mountains brings – starvation and diseases – would make the survivors surrender to the army. Those who joined the army would be sent to model villages. These are army controlled towns which came from the original lands that the Mayas possess. After being placed in model villages, the survivors would be brainwashed by the army to erase whatever sympathy with the guerillas they still have. The final step is the lurking memories of terror the army gave to the survivors. Democracy and justice is taken away from the captives making them more vulnerable from emotional stress. Sanford shows that the redefinition of mass killing and the survivors that suffered a long way during that era and told their stories through testimonies could begin the healing process. At first, this would be simply a psychological help but as one goes on, he can get the sympathy of other people that can help them rebuild their destroyed lands and unsecured futures. The author resists the desire to breakdown the stories of the survivors, but instead, she synthesized them creating a whole picture of violence and inhuman activities. The power of the book is that Sanford did not create the events and the characters. All are real events experienced by real people. Sanford’s gathered testimonies have the power to transform a private memory into a public space, where the survivors has the courage to speak. It gets away from the government’s negotiation of life-shattering events. (p. 12). Although Sanford saw hope in her field work and analysis, the issue of impunity one of her informants raised is a critical concern. The author recounts a horrible experience of a doctor whose patient was murdered while lying down on the operating table. With the doctor plastered against wall, three men with guns shot the patient to death. As the doctor said to the author, it is all about privileges, the protection from punishment of the act itself when those gun shooters did not even wear masks so as not to be recognized considering that they live in the vicinity is so visible. One of them actually lives on the same street as the doctor, and each time the doctor runs into him, he relives the moments of that murder. He sees that man every single day and the freedom is so great that the murderer does not even droop his head to express fear from justice. (p. 35). In a world where forensic anthropologists receive death threats and increasing criminal violence fills every published newspaper, a skeptic may ask, is speaking and gathering truth worth the risk just to empower equality among races? The book demonstrates clearly how the power of testimonies can help transform a land of havoc and wrath into a land of democracy and peace. Language became a powerful tool in fighting the advocacy of violence. It was evident on many parts of the book. The Maya, by being able to tell their adventurous but somewhat horrific plight, took their persecutor’s remaining authority. Also, language has become a tool for both the political and physical of space for the resistors. Language helped the genocide victims by excavating their graves and giving them decent funerals. But in order for an excavation to be carried out, it should be first decided by the court. If the court decides the approval of an excavation, testimonies are gathered to locate the mass grave and identify the found bodies. The act of excavation, which is aided by the power of testimonies, is then again a part of the healing process. The survivors who submit a petition to the court for the excavation of the bodies of their loved ones is engaged in a political process that was forbidden from them before. In this case, democracy at its least essence has become transparent. This shows that at the least, spiritual justice is obtained by those who have been brutally killed and by the relatives and friends of the bodies recovered. In addition to the author’s intervention on international human rights by writing about the reformation of genocide, she highlights the importance of the Maya survivors as a tool in history for achieving freedom and justice for those who had experience the tyranny of the army. She directly challenges the people, like the Guatemalan army, who tried to discredit her informant’s testimonies. As in the original story on which it is based, it’s analysis is of the same racist theoretical foundation that resists political consciousness and free will to the Maya whose perception, being manipulated, means to remove the society, individual memory and organization. (p. 49). By gathering information from the survivors, Sanford shows how anthropologists can aid democratic social projects. Now, though Guatemala failed to combat impunity, peace implementation and legislation to improve political awareness and participation, the current administration made progress by taking state responsibilities on some human rights violations that occurred during â€Å"La Violencia† and by supporting human rights internationally. Though the testimonies and the expertise of Sanford in anthropology did not fully helped Guatemala, evidence shows that improvements are being made to this country. The book clearly explores the intersection of memory, history and testimonies as it emphasize that through it, power from language can give the survivors power to work within a larger political system. At the end, the survivors redeemed power by the use of judicial system to attain their long-lost aspiration of truth, justice and democracy and the courts played a major role for the survivors to regain power. They decided whether to excavate the graves of the victims of genocide, they have trials for the perpetuators of genocide and most importantly, they helped in uncovering the truth behind the long violence that happened. Works Cited: Victoria Sanford. (2003). Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala. Palgrave Macmillian. New York   

Inclusion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Inclusion - Term Paper Example The irrevocable truths about nature are only two; diversity and dynamicity.Everything else is ephemeral. Both of these attributes in any setting provide opportunities as well as resources for developing new concepts and strategies The concept of inclusion has gathered impetus from this diversity or from being differently-abled rather than social, cultural and even scientific biases categorizing them as â€Å"disabled†. However, the issue involves the intricacies of human brain; of the differently-abled as well as of those who are responsible for facilitating their learning. Hence, the problem is much more complex. The ongoing inclusion vs. non-inclusion debate stems from the concerns of educationists, researchers, parents and policymakers for the appropriate learning and development of these differently-abled children, efforts to make them a part of the real world, recognize their potentials and help develop skills enabling an earning, and in the process avoiding any incident that may lower their self esteem, or lead to their further exclusion. Another aspect of the debate is the uniqueness of these individuals, rendering generalizations unfair. History of Inclusion A society is judged by the way it treats its members who are different, weak, disabled and poor. Following this line of judgment, history of human civilization has abundant evidences of society being highly intolerant and unaccommodating. It has failed to provide for the ‘different’ in general; one example of which is its treatment of the differently-abled learners such as the physically, intellectually or behaviorally disabled for long; making amendments only recently. For a long period extending up to the beginning of 18th century, individuals different from the ‘normal’ exhibiting social, political, behavioral, intellectual and physical deviance were rarely tolerated, and usually ostracized. It was only in the middle of 18th century that first reports of education being systematically imparted to the disabled in European countries are recorded; the process accepted as a specific branch of education by the close of 18th century (Winzer, 1993). In USA, prior to 1970, legal provisions allowed educational institutions to deny admission to the disabled considering them unfit for learning (Murdick, Gartin, & Crabtree, 2006). There was also either no provision for special needs students who were allowed in regular schools or they received an excluded education in a segregated classroom or school with a curriculum completely different from the regular classrooms i.e. non-inclusive education. It was only in between the 1960s and 75 that a collaborative effort of parents, disabled individuals and professionals lead to formation of advocacy groups promoting ‘equal opportunity for education’. The enactment of the 1970 education act in 1971 ended the prejudices against disabled children allowing them to be categorized as uneducable. Section 504 of the rehabilitation act passed on September 26, 1973 aimed to overcome the discrimination against individuals with handicap for federal funding (Zirkel & Kincaid, 1995). However with lack of funding and monitoring the legislation was ignored by educational institutions. The landmark Warnock report (1978) in England, Wales and Scotland proved to be turning point in developing public and professional opinion about disabled children. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), (earlier known as the Education for all Handicapped Children Act) or Public law 94-142, passed in 1975 and amended in 1983 and again in 1990; lay down specific eligibilities regarding special education, parental rights and individualized educational programs (IEP). The three conditions that were to be fulfilled for special education drives were stipulated to be: Education of disabled children

International and Comparative Human Resource Management Essay - 1

International and Comparative Human Resource Management - Essay Example This essay â€Å"International and Comparative Human Resource Management† analyses potential strategic problems facing Human Resource Managers operating in multi-national companies, by focusing on the Morale Welfare and Recreation, abbreviated as MWR. Management is a form of work which deals with the way an organization organizes its resources and departments in order to provide services or produce goods. Some of the resources used by a company are its employees, money and other equipment. Management will thus require managers to get involved in some of the basic activities that call for getting the best out of the company. These activities include organizing, planning, staffing, leading, and controlling. Management can sometimes turn out to be complex if all the essential rules are not followed to the letter. This is because management calls for making the best decision, communicating well with people that matter in the management process, giving work assignments, delegating, training people, and appraising the employees, based on the job they are doing. When it comes to management, the diversity aspect is always inevitable. In a workplace setting of any company, the aspect of diversity will always be seen in respect to age, gender, race, religion, and other factors. Diversity management is thus a strategy intended to promote a positive environment in the workplace. In most cases, diversity management would be initiated by human resource management professionals and managed by the head of departments and supervisors. MWR, being a program that is intended to serve everybody eligible, irrespective of the differences that may abound, has to include diversity management in its management process. In MWR, the diversity management aspect is based on the idea that diversity is a way that shows the alternative ways of thinking, perceiving, and acting, thus enriching the overall life of the military community and their families (MWR). Diversity in this organizat ion will thus be seen as a way of getting creativity and innovation to the next level. This will act as a way through which the whole aspect of competitive advantage can be achieved, helping in the future developments. The military is made up of individuals of various religious

Financial institution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial institution - Essay Example The remaining part represents the ‘risk premium’ where the market return earned in excess of the risk free rate is multiplied with the ‘beta’ of the stock. It is essentially the return for bearing additional risk (Investopedia, 2010). If the expected rate of return on a security is more than the required rate of return then the investment in profitable whereas if the expected return is less than the required rate of return then the investment is not profitable. Unlike Mean Variance Portfolio theory the CAPM model rewards for the excess beta or additional risk borne by the investor. Higher the beta higher is the compensation required by the security. As per this model a higher ‘standard deviation’ does not mean a higher return as ‘beta’ is the measure of risk under CAPM and not ‘standard deviation’. In the CAPM world an investor is rewarded for bearing the risk that cannot be diversified. This is referred as ‘syste matic risk’ captured by the beta of the stock. An investor is not awarded for bearing any nondiversifiable risk i.e. unsystematic risk captured by the standard deviation of the stock. In other words the investors are rewarded for bearing the risk that cannot be diversified away. This is also referred as ‘market risk’ (Sigman, 2005). Assumptions under CAPM- The first assumption under this model is that the transaction costs do not exist. This means that the purchase or sale of an asset does not require any cost. The second assumption is that the CAPM model assumes all assets to be infinitely divisible. This implies that an investor can take a position in the market irrespective of their wealth position. There exists no ‘personal income tax’. This implies that an investor is not influenced by the nature of gain whether it is in the form of capital gain or dividend. There exists perfect competition. This means that a person cannot influence the stock pr ice by going long or short in it. The investors base their investment decisions on the standard deviations of returns and expected value on their investment portfolio. There is no limit on short selling. CAPM also assumes that there is unlimited lending and investing at the risk free rate. CAPM assumes homogeneous market expectations. The last assumption is marketability of all assets (Elton, et al., 2009, p.283). Beta Co-efficient The beta is the sensitivity of stock return to the market return. Higher the beta higher is the risk associated with the stock. Gitman (2006) states that beta is â€Å"a measure of non-diversifiable risk† i.e. it measures the return on asset with reference to the market return. Ideally the beta of a stock should be â€Å"forward-looking† and measured with respect to the whole market, whereas in practice this is based on historical returns and the stock index acts as a proxy for ‘market return’ (Kurschner, 2008, p. 3). Suppose th e beta of Stock A is 2. In the event of a 10% rise or fall in the market the price of Stock A will rise or fall by 20% respectively. Stocks with a beta of more than one are referred as ‘aggressive stock’ and stocks with a beta of less than one are referred as ‘defensive stock’. One can invest in aggressive stocks in times of market upswings and such stocks must be avoided in times of uncertain market conditions. In short the beta co-efficient of a stock measures the volatility in the return of a stock with respect to the market benchmark. Criticism of CAPM The assumptions of CAPM

Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights - Essay Example If a person is deprived the provisions of article 5, he or she shall have the right to ask for compensation. Saying that the article does not derail the process of fighting crime in the U.K. will be proper. The article only serves to protect the rights of an individual to security and liberty. People are entitled to be liberal and secure. The right in itself protects innocent individuals against aggression from fellow individuals hence maintaining law and order is its main priority. It allows for individual rights to liberty while at the same time guarding against commitment of a crime through its provision. Limited means that a person can be denied the rights under the provisions of article 51. It means that there are circumstances where deprivation of liberty is deemed very lawful. However, such events are also guarded within the law to ensure that they are not taken advantage of illegally to dehumanize other human beings by law enforcement agents. In the case of any deprivation to the provisions of article 5, the law stipulates that such instances should be lawful and necessary. Such a period should not run longer than expected in the case of liberty restrictions. The guidelines to these provisions are set forth in article 5 (2) to 5 (5). Any limitation to the article should follow the guidelines stated under the articles. For example, a suspected terrorism offender can be denied this freedom for longer than is necessary so that the law enforcers can guarantee security to other persons. Under the terrorism prevention and investigation strategies, article 5 imposes significant restrictions to suspects of terror crimes. The law also creates harsh restrictions to a person convicted of terror crimes hence his or her rights to liberty are very slim creating a reduction in crime level2. Another example is when it is made compulsory for a

Job Application Package Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Job Application Package - Assignment Example Microsoft Excel, Word, PowerPoint and Access Responsibilities Assist with the development and maintenance of accurate work measurement systems in a warehouse environment. Conduct time studies and frequency studies in distribution centers. Assist in the analysis, recommendation, and implementation of enhancements to existing work methods, workflow and processes to increase throughput. Administer and maintain productivity reporting processes and systems. Collect data to assist in the development of distribution center and capital budgets. Analysis of distribution center processes and procedures; identify operational improvement opportunities; design, evaluate and implement changes and/or revisions as required. Assist corporate industrial engineering staff as directed. Limited local travel required. Job #2 Position Engineering / Summer Internships - Industrial Engineering Sikorsky Global Helicopters (610) 883-4408 110 East Stewart Huston Dr. Coatesville Pennsylvania 19320 USA fran.newli n@sikorskyglobal.com Sikorsky Global Helicopters, a subsidiary of Sikorsky Aircraft, is a Fully capable Helicopter Services provider located in Coatesville, PA. Our capabilities include work as an FAA Approved Repair Station,a DAS approved station, the Sikorsky S-76 Completion Center, the Sikorsky S-92 Joins Center, EMS flight services, DAS capabilities and Engine Services Shop. Our sister company Composite Technologies Inc, in Grand Prarie TX, CTI is the only world wide rotor blade repair shop authorized by Agusta, Bell, Eurocopter, Kazan Helicopters, MD Helicopters, Schweizer and Sikorsky. Consequently, we support your entire fleet. We pride ourselves on our commitment to diversity and encourages all qualified applicants to apply for consideration Please mention JSfirm when responding to this ad (JS Firm, 2011). Job Application Package Date: 30 June 2011 To: (Your Professor) From: Kuan Alkeyev Subject: Job Application Package Sears Holding Company: Corporate Industrial Engineer In ternship The position that is offered by the Sears Holding Company is as a Corporate Industrial Engineer Intern in which a requirement of at least Junior year status must be completed and an intention in the pursuit of a Bachelor of Science Degree in industrial engineering. Experience in work measurement methodologies, best method development and cost analysis for project justification are central to the qualifications of the potential candidate. Other requirements include proficiency in Microsoft Office programs and the ability to communicate effectively, which is most likely in concern with not only performing the responsibilities of the position, but in making sure that all departments that relate to those performances can be adequately updated on the activities. Responsibilities for the position will include: Assist with the development and maintenance of accurate work measurement systems in a warehouse environment. Conduct time studies and frequency studies in distribution cent ers. Assist in the analysis, recommendation, and implementation of enhancements to existing work methods, workflow and processes to increase throughput. Administer and maintain productivity reporting processes and systems. Collect data to assist in the development of distribution

Is Facebook better than twitter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Facebook better than twitter - Essay Example As a social network, Facebook proves to be more versatile and flexible to use. According to Yagaswara (2010), people are able to upload pictures, games, videos and various apps to their profile. On the other hand, Twitter is a platform for texts with so much sharing of links. Facebook, because of its simplicity, tend to be more active since it has implemented more tools to ensure the public enjoy the services such as the new Facebook Mobile Interface. Twitter, on the other hand, has made efforts to become more versatile as seen with some services such as the ability to link your account to services such as LinkedIn. Twitter also counters Facebook option of sharing pictures using the Twitpic application that allows people to share pictures. Facebook and Twitter social networks are the most used social networks as compared to other services such as MySpace and LinkedIn. Facebook was launched in 2004 while Twitter was started in 2006. Brock (2011) claims that the key contrast between the two networking platforms is seen in the methods of communication. Facebook seems to be more passive while Twitter seems to have a more active ad involving form of communication where people tend to be more conversational. With Twitter, it always seems like a giant party where people for not know each other but are willing to make friends. On the other hand, Facebook comes out as a wedding reception that is comprised of Family and friends. The main business in Twitter is acknowledging and adding onto what someone has said or shared regardless of how close you are. Contrary, Facebook depends on the relationship with your friends. With no friends in Facebook, you can never enjoy the service since the impact is measured with the number of sh ares, likes and comments. Another issue that most people consider when deciding on their ideal social media service is the issue of privacy. Privacy tends to be paramount to the

Did Johnson Administration Allow the Attack on the USS Liberty and Why Essay

Did Johnson Administration Allow the Attack on the USS Liberty and Why - Essay Example As the report declares the Israeli fighter planes and torpedoes wrongly identified it as the Egyptian vessel El Quseir. Supporters of the official positions of both governments say that no believable reason existed for Israel to start a sudden attack against such a crucial ally. They also believed that such tragic mistakes were possible in the tense atmosphere of the Six Day War. Moreover, United States were worried about such dangers and made arrangements to move USS Liberty farther away from the coast. But, unfortunately the order was not delivered in time due to a failure in communication. This theory is credible considering the fact that several countries erroneously attack their allies during war which has been known as ‘friendly fire’. This paper discusses that several people believe that it was a premeditated and calculated attack. They argue that the USS Liberty was much larger than Egyptian vessel El Quseir and the ship was clearly designated with Latin letters and numbers. Generally, Egyptian vessels are marked in Arabic letters and numbers. The assistant secretary for defense in 2001, John Stenbit, says â€Å"The Israelis called us up one day and said, "If you don't get that ship, the LIBERTY, out of this place we're going to sink it in twenty-four hours." Reportedly, they couldn't tell the ship to move when they got the data back it was already under the water, and it took more than twenty-four hours for the data to wander in through the system and come out at the other end.†

Stock Valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Stock Valuation - Essay Example ter every three months and good dividend paying stocks increase their payout every year unlike those who own funds who most of the time are not sure about what the dividends will be and instead have a default option to buy more shares. It is also easier to understand market volatility since the investor knows the company well, and this helps an investor to make a decision whether to buy, sell or hold their position. Individual stocks also have lower costs than funds help one to diversify their holdings (Hayek, 2013). I would not be okay with the political risks that are prevalent in the increase among the BRISC countries since these countries include the emerging markets that need ample political stability to grow and mature. The political risk brings a lot of volatility in the stock market, as well as discourages foreign and domestic investment as investors prefer more stable markets that are easily predictable in order not to take so much risk. Through negative correlation, the idea of hedging and diversification are elaborated. Since negative correlation tends to make two investments move in opposite directions, an investor is therefore advised to invest in both the investments in order to spread risks. It makes sense that, when an investor invests in those two investments, one investment loses value, the other one will gain value hence the investor must not lose everything at any particular point, but at least gain on some (Eric,

Monopoly and oligopoly essay Essay Example for Free

Monopoly and oligopoly essay Essay The Main characteristics of an oligopoly are that the supply of a product or products is concentrated in the hands of a few large suppliers, there could be thousands of small suppliers but the market is mainly dominated by around 4 or 5 large firms. For example firms Tesco, Asda, Sainburys and Morrisons, these are the 4 main supermarkets in the UK but there are thousands of small corner shops who provide some of the same goods the supermarkets do. Another characteristics of an oligopoly is interdependence, this is when the actions of one large firm will directly affect another large firm of the same market. For example during the Christmas period Tesco lowered the price on certain alcoholic drinks to pull customer in to the stores to buy their Christmas food shopping, Asda then followed suit and did the exact same thing with the same products. On the other hand if firms raised their prices the other firm are very unlikely to copy, the other firm are more likely to advertise the fact they are now cheaper in the hope of gaining a bigger share of the market. However there is a tendency for firms to collude and agree to raise prices together, this maintains their abnormal profits and ensure no one loses. This behaviour is illegal in the UK and the EU and firm’s caught doing this will be heavily fined. {draw:frame} Oligopoly’s are a few firm dominating a market,a monopoly is a single firm dominating a market or being a sole supplier of a market, this is called a pure monopoly. An example of a pure monopoly would be Scottish water; they are the sole provider to every household in Scotland of running water. {draw:frame} {draw:frame} For any firm profit is a must for a business to survive, firms will look in to other parts of a market to gain potential profits. For a firm to move into a particular sector of a market there would have to be good roles of profit. A firm would have to get a good return on their investment, the higher the risk and longer a firmhas to wait to earn a potential return on their capital, the greater the minimum required return on their investment they will demand. For a firm to move in to a particular sector,firms would also have to consider if this would attract new investors. If the firm was going to make a quick return on its investment this would attract more investors as they would gain higher amount of dividends on their investment.

Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement

Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Student Name ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­: Elizabeth (Beth) Andrews Brief Patient History including medical diagnosis and summary of assessment findings: The patient is a 59 year old female, widowed, who entered the Braintree Rehabilitation Center for transitional care after left knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. She has a history of COPD; obstructive sleep apnea; spinal stenosis; degenerative joint disease; depression; obesity; fibromyalgia; dyslipidemia; hypothyroidism; lymphedema; tachycardia; and idiopathic tremors. She experienced a pulmonary embolism in 2009. The total knee replacement (TKR) was conducted at Metrowest/Leonard Morse Hospital on 5/21/12. The patient was transferred to Braintree Rehabilitation Center on 5/24/12. She had difficulty emerging from anesthesia and experienced urinary retention. She subsequently emerged from anesthesia and the urinary retention resolved. A neurological consult was ordered to assess the patient’s difficulty emerging from anesthesia; no source of this difficulty was identified during examination. The consultation suggested that her lethargy might be attributable to oxycodone (patient is allergic to milnapricine and several other drugs) which the patient takes for ongoing pain and fibromyalgia. The patient has otherwise experienced good recovery with physical therapy 1-2 hours per day/5 days per week. She continues to experience edema of the left operative extremity; no thromboembolus was identified and her physician ordered an additional diuretic. Her incision was healing well with no local swelling, warmth, or exudates and the wound erythema was receding from the marking drawn around the incision. Staples remained intake. The patient is a former smoker with COPD; she quit smoking just prior to the current surgery and seems to be managing this well. She is obese and indicates that she struggles with this and is aware of the relationship of her obesity to her osteoarthritis and current procedure as well as to other current and potential diagnoses. Her past medical history is noteworthy for fibromyalgia from which the patient experiences considerable disability. She associates the onset of fibromyalgia subsequent to being involved in a physically and emotionally abusive intimate adult relationship and to self-described post traumatic stress disorder relative to childhood sexual abuse. In addition, her past medical history is noteworthy for obstructive sleep apnea; patient uses a CPAP. The patient is widowed and lives alone in Natick. She has four children who live locally and whom she indicates are very supportive. One son comes to her home everyday to cook her dinner. The patient does not cook for herself and is maintained during the day with tea until her son comes to make her dinner. The patient is very focused on understanding and accessing information about her conditions/diagnoses and treatments. When I first met her, she was reviewing information provided to her by the transitional care unit pertaining to difficulties in emerging from anesthesia and about her medications. The patient’s life appears to revolve around her illnesses and conditions; she describes herself as a multiply disabled person. She does not leave her home very much except to attend medical appointments and is highly dependent upon her family for her needs and care. The patient reports that depression is a significant factor in her life related to prior physical, emotional and sexu al abuse and to her general state of disability. The patient is noteworthy for high level of health seeking behavior and a high degree of medicalization. According to the patient, her home is outfitted with multiple assistive devices which include a CPAP, a walker, a cane, an electronic chair to take her upstairs and a bidette to help her with personal hygiene. In spite of her many disabilities, the patient is progressing well and will be discharged in about a week. Additional Nursing Diagnosis without Care Planning Specification Activity Intolerance Acute Pain Anxiety Chronic Low Self Esteem Chronic Pain Deficient Diversional Activity Depression Disturbed Body Image Disturbed Sleep Pattern Disuse Syndrome Fatigue Health Seeking Behaviors Hopelessness Imbalanced Mobility: Greater than Body Requirements Impaired Bed Mobility Impaired Comfort Impaired Communication Impaired Gas Exchange Impaired Individual Resilience Impaired Physical Mobility Impaired Social Isolation Impaired Transfer Ability Impaired Walking Ineffective Activity Planning Ineffective Breathing Pattern Ineffective Coping Post Trauma Syndrome Powerlessness Readiness for Additional Health Seeking Behavior Risk for Cardiac/Vascular Complications Risk for Caregiver Role Strain Risk for Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk for Complications of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Risk for Constipation Risk for Falls Risk for Hypothermia Risk for Impaired Cellular Regulation Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Risk for Ineffective Respiratory Function Risk for Infection Risk for Injury Risk for Loneliness Risk for peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction Sedentary Lifestyle Self Care Deficit NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis I Impaired Physical Mobility Clients Medical Diagnosis: Osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, spinal stenosis, status post total left knee replacement, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, lymphedema, tachycardia, idiopathic tremors Definition : â€Å"A limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or one or more extremities† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 548). Defining Characteristics : â€Å" Decreased reaction time; difficulty turning; engages in substitutions for movement (e.g., increased attention to other’s activity, controlling behavior, focus on pre-illness disability/activity; exertional dypsnea; gait changes, jerky movements; limited ability to perform gross motor skills; limited ability to perform fine motor skills; limited range of motion; movement-induced tremor; postural instability; slowed movement; uncoordinated movements† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). Related Factors â€Å"Activity intolerance; altered cellular metabolism; anxiety; body mass index above 75th age-appropriate percentile; cognitive impairment; contractures; cultural beliefs regarding age-appropriate activity; deconditioning; decreased endurance; depressive mood; decreased muscle control; decreased muscle mass; decreased muscle strength; deficient knowledge regarding value of physical activity; developmental delay; discomfort; disuse; joint stiffness; lack of environmental supports (e.g., physical or social); limited cardiovascular endurance; loss of integrity of bone structures; malnutrition; medications; musculoskeletal impairment; neuromuscular impairment; pain; prescribed movement restrictions: reluctance to initiate movement; sedentary lifestyle; sensoriperceptual impairments† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). â€Å"Suggested functional level classifications include the following: 0-Completely independent 1-Requires use of equipment or device 2-Requires help from another person for assistance, supervision or teaching 3-Requires help from another person and equipment device 4-Dependent (does not participate in activity)† (Ackley Ladwig, 2011, p. 549) Instructions for Student In the space below, enter the subjective and objective data gathered during your client assessment. A S S E S S M E N T Subjective Data Entry Patient reported pain of â€Å"4†related to current acute pain â€Å"4† and â€Å"6† for chronic pain at home prior to admission based on scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† Patient reported that she uses assistive devices at home: walker, cane, electronic chair for climbing stairs while seated, bidette to assist with personal care; CPAP for sleep Patient reported that she engages in little social activity when at home, going out only for medical appointments Patient reported that she often sleeps during the day and has difficulty sleeping at night Patient reported that she is frequently fatigued and that movement around the home is difficult even with assistive devices Patient reported that chronic pain is related to osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia Patient reported that she is dependent upon family member for meals Patient reported that she is able to manage some dressing and bathing, but is dependent upon bidette for some of her perianal care Patient self-reports depression, PTSD, and fibromyalgia related to past physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to current status of general disability Objective Data Entry Vital signs: Temp: Oral 97.3, HR, 105, Respirations, 20, BP: r: 121/75; L 123/79 Pulses: Radial 105, L and R pedal pulses present Height: 4 ft 11 inches Weight 259 lbs Cognition: Alert and Oriented to person place and time X3 Affect: Pleasant, conversant, but subject to inattention due to dozing during conversation Integumentary: Hair: clean, gray color, neat haircut, no lesions on scalp Nasal: moist, pink Oral: mucosa : moist, pink, tongue: moist, pink, no oral lesions. Skin Color: Pink Skin: Color: pink Temp: warm to touch Texture: smooth Moisture/Hydration: moist, turgor positive at sternum Breakdown: the only current manifestation of breakdown is skin rashes in groin area and under breasts. Operative incision is erythmetous, but erythema is receding as evidenced by line drawn around erythema. No swelling, warmth or exudate at the operative incision Respiratory: Respirations: 20, depth even and rhythm even, O2 saturation 94% at rest on room air. Observed patient fatigue upon walking a short distance from bed to bathroom, Cardiovascular:Apical Pulse: 105; Rhythm: regular; Radial pulses: left and right present Pedal Pulses: left and right present Capillary refill observed L X 5 fingers and R X 5 fingers; L X 5 toes and R X 5 toes Musculoskeletal: poor mobility. Left hand slightly weaker than right; tremors appeared in left when squeezing fingers General: Patient experiences generalized pain chronically and current acute pain at operative site. Patient used ice pack and lidocaine strips to moderate localized pain (in addition to pain medications). Patient experiences chronic sleep disturbances, in particular, chronic obstructive sleep disorder. Sleep is only moderately relieved by use of CPAP Objective evidence includes patient frequent dozing during interview. Patient is obese: weight 259 lbs/height 4 feet, 11 inches BMI 52.3 Evaluate Student Instructions: To be sure your client diagnostic statement written below is accurate you need to review the defining characteristics and related factors associated with the nursing diagnosis and see how your client data match. Do you have an accurate match or are additional data required, or does another nursing diagnosis need to be investigated? D I A G N O S I S Diagnostic Statement Nursing Diagnosis (specify) Impaired Physical Mobility (Carpenito-Moyet , 2010, p. 285) related to pain, fatigue, obesity and sleep disturbances as evidenced by patient fatigue upon walking a short distance, patient report of limited mobility, patient dozing during interview, patient pain reports of â€Å"4† and â€Å"6† on scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† , patient BMI 52.3 P L A N N I N G Desired Outcome The Client will: and Client Criteria: Reduce weight by 20% after one year compared to baseline of 259 lbs Reduce feelings of depression by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Improve mobility by 20% after one year compared to baseline determined by physical therapist assessment Reduce pain by 50% after one year compared to baseline of â€Å"6† on scale of from â€Å"0†toâ€Å"10† Improve feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy by patient report after one year Evaluate The desired outcome must meet criteria to be accurate. The outcome must be specific, realistic, measurable, and include a time frame for completion. Does the action verb describe the clients behavior to be evaluated? Can the outcome be used in the evaluation step of the nursing process to measure the clients response to the nursing interventions listed below? Interventions Referral to mental health counseling to identify and treat depression, issues of self-esteem and self efficacy Referral and active participation in physical therapy to improve mobility Undertake regular exercise that includes ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets. Use heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia Referral to pulmonologist for sleep disturbance assessment. Referral to pain management specialist for assessment, planning and treatment related to various sources of patient pain Referral to nutritionist for assessment and planning related to nutrition and weight reduction. Set realistic goals for weight reduction, encourage patient to keep food diaries, provide patient with information about the relationship of weight management to pain reduction and mobility improvement, identify stress issues related to obesity and support systems that can help patient in weight reduction. Rationale for Selected Intervention and References Research indicates that attention to psychosocial issues and mental health counseling can have a positive impact on reduction in obesity (Yilmaz et al, 2011). Depression has been related to weight control in patients with osteoarthritis (Possley et al, 2009). Mood disorders are related to fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Research has shown that active participation in physical therapy is important to improved mobility post TKR (Hall, Hardwick, Reden, Pulido, Colwell, 2004). Research indicates that behaviors such as ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets are related to greater self-efficacy in patients who have had total joint replacement (Moon Backer, 2000). Regular exercise improves pain, physical function and contributes to weight reduction in patients with osteoarthritis (Seed, Dunican Lynch, 2009). Active physical exercise has achieved modest positive results in reduction of signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia (Turk, 2009). Research has shown that heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises improves symptoms of fibromyalgia ((Turk, 2009). Research has shown that sleep disturbances should be evaluated and treated as a component of treatment of fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Patient has pain related to many sources and may influence the patient’s approach to obesity and mobility. Pain has been related to obesity (Janke, Collins, Kozak, 2007). Realistic goals, food diaries/monitoring/ understanding of the relationship between pain and mobility, stress issues and support systems have been shown to support successful obesity self care and illness prevention (Hindle Dell, 2012). E V A L U A T I O N Evaluate Do your interventions assist in achieving the desired outcome? Do your interventions address further monitoring of the clients response to your interventions and to the achievement of the desired outcome? Are qualifiers: when, how, amount, time, and frequency used? Is the focus of the actions verb on the nurses actions and not on the client? Do your rationales provide sufficient reason and directions? What was your clients response to the interventions? (theoretic) Weight is reduced by 20% after one year (evaluation outcome 200 lbs) Feelings of depression are reduced by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Mobility is improved by 20% after one year compared to baseline established by physical therapist assessment Pain is reduced by 50% after one year (evaluation outcome â€Å"3† on a scale of from â€Å"0† to â€Å"10† Feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy are improved by patient report after one year References Ackley, B.J. Ladwig, G.B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook-an evidence-based guide to planning care. Ninth Edition. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2011 Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2010) Handbook of nursing diagnosis, 13th Edition, Used by arrangement with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, a company of John Wiley Sons, Inc, Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo Dell, D.D. (2007) Getting the point about fibromyalgia. Nursing 2007, February 2007, 61-64. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Janke, E.A., Collins, A. Kozak, A. T. (2007) Overview of the relationship between pain and obesity: what do we know? Where do we go next? Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, Vol 44, No 2, 245-261. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Hall, V.L., Hardwick, M., Reden, L., Pulido, P. Colwell, C. (2004) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty –an overview with nursing implications. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, May/June 2004, 163-173. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Hindle, L. Mills, S. (2012) Obesity self-care and illness prevention. Practice Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, 130-134. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Moon, L.B. Backer, J. (2000) Relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and postoperative behaviors in total joint replacement patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 19 (2) 77-85. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=7sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzhAN=2000051848 Possley. D. et al. (2009) Relationship between depression and functional measures in overweight and obese persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, Vol 46, No 9, 1091-1097. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2009.03.0024 Seed, S.M., Dunican, K.C., Lynch, A.M. (2009) Osteoarthritis: a review of treatment options. Geriatrics, Vol 64, No 10, 20-28. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114 Turk, D.C. (2009). Fibromyalgia syndrome: a guide for the perplexed. Psychiatric Times, 26(2), 50-54. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=8sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111hid=114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cin20AN=2010211647 Yilmaz, J. et al. (2011) Adopting a psychological approach to obesity. Nursing Standard, Vol 25, No 21, 42-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.01.25.21.42.c8289

Partnership in Health and Social Care: Rochdale Case Study

Partnership in Health and Social Care: Rochdale Case Study Introduction Partnership relationships in health and social care exist between service users and agencies like the social services, educational institutions, their families, occupational therapists, social workers, GPs and Nurses, teachers etc. Agencies in the health and social care system are also expected to work together for better outcomes for the service users they care for. If these relationships are organized effectively the outcomes for the service users is improved. I will use the Rochdale case study to examine the nature of the partnership relationships between the agencies involved in protecting the young girls. I am going to talk about The Rochdale child sexual exploitation case that happened around 2005 to 2013, in wish which a total of seven girls between the ages of 13 to 22 were sexually exploited. A total of 100 people were arrested and questioned by the police, but only ten men ware convicted for more than 25 years each. Regarding the Rochdale case there was a lot of people involved such as, the police, the sexual health workers, the children social services, Family members, and the specialist child sexual exploitation team. The Police They failed to properly investigate child sexual exploitation when it was first reported by not recognising the extent and gravity of crimes being committed against the children and the young adults. Many of the offences were first reported shortly after it happened 10 years previous to the convictions to the police, but they didnt have enough resources to look in to the claims and there werent enough officers and the ones that were there werent qualified to conduct a proper investigation. When the victims reported they didnt listen and one of the officers even called one of the victim a prostitute. Their role as the police is to protect the citizens, in my opinion they should have pushed more to try and find out what happened specially when it involves children, tried to persuade the victims that didnt want to cooperate and pursue all the allegations regarding the case. They should have had some kind of specialist in that field looking in to the cases. At least they recognised their mistake and in 2010 more resources were put in to investigating child sexual exploitation in Rochdale and the earlier reports from the victims were reinvestigated. Due to their investigation they were able to get justice for the victims by convicting those involved. The sexual workers The sexual workers reported the problem to the children service workers to be investigated but thats about the only thing they did, they should have followed up on the case to see if it was properly investigated and also kept a close eye on the children since they knew what was happening, I think the relationship between the sexual workers and the children social services were flawed as they did not follow through with what they were supposed to do which is doing their job properly. The Children Social Services Some of the victims spoke to the support workers on more than one occasion about being abused, even giving a detailed complaint to the detectives, but the report shows that the children social services failed to act and the abuse continued, the children social services investigated the reports but concluded that there were not enough evidence to keep investigating the case. The role of the children social service is to investigate any allegations made and suggest what would be the next step needed to solve the problem and to inform the policy to start an enquiry. Later on it was found out that due to cut cost and to create a diverse work force most of the social workers for the young victims with the children social services were unqualified for the job. This is another example of how two organizations have failed in doing their jobs by not focusing on the safeguarding of the victims. I guess one of the good things that the children social services did was to focus on the behaviour a nd the lifestyle expectations of the young people but that alone was not enough. Family members There was definitely a lack of communication between the family members, the children social services and the police, when the case was reported the only thing they told the family members is that their children is hanging out with the wrong crowd. What I found strange is that in most of the cases the family members didnt know what was happening with their children. It was irresponsible of the children social services to just rely on the words of the family members that they would protect their own children when they didnt even know what was going on with their children, the family didnt protect their children. The specialist child sexual exploitation team The child social services, the police, The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) and other organizations came together to create the specialist child sexual exploitation teationm to with only one aim which was to investigate children exploitation. It was a great way to show a good relationship between the organizations. Although that was a good thing, due to lack of communication and not having their roles defined by the organization it fell apart and the specialist child sexual exploitation team sometimes didnt even have the basic understanding of child sexual exploitation. After talking about the Rochdale case we can see that the organizations are not always successful in protecting people, specially children and young adults from abuse which sometimes happen because of lack of communication, but in some cases when organizations come together and work together sharing information having everyone know what their role is in the organizations they are able to help and protect those who need it[DS1]. 3.1 Evaluate possible outcomes of partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations. Introduction In the Health and Social care sector working together in partnership with organisations, the service users and professionals is a must in order to have a broader range and ways to help the children, young adults, adults and elderly. For this task I will be using the Rochdale and Thetford healthy town case as an example of positive and negative outcomes for working together in partnership in my evaluation of possible outcomes of collaborative for users, professionals and organisations relationship. The negative outcomes for the service users Using the Rochdale children exploitation case as an example of a failed partnership working it is obvious that service users experience poor outcomes from poor quality partnerships. I could see that that the system failed the service users; the victims were neglected and ended up being exploited. As they reported the abuse but didnt get any help in return and in some cases the victim were insulted by the police as they were not well equipped to deal with those kind of situations, and due to a lack of communication between the children social services and the police the victims were left to their own fate and disempowered to do anything about the abuse. This can reduce their self esteem as it can make them feel worthless. Poor partnerships can also lead to frustration, waste of time and redu.ced health and well being of service users The negative outcome for the Professionals Poor partnerships can result in lack of competence among professionals, duplication of their efforts, money and time wasting and professional rivalry among some professionals. In the Rochdale case study some of the professionals involved in the case such as the Children Social Service workers werent even qualified to be social workers which lead led to a poor management of the case. As the sexual health workers informed the children social services of the abuse and after investigating they concluded that there werent enough evidence to send an enquiry to the policy, in this case you can see that miscommunication and professional rivalry played a big role in what happened. as The sexual Health workers didnt follow up to see what happened with the investigation and the children social services didnt inform the police as they should have regarding the allegations made by the sexual workers. The children social services and the police didnt inform the family members of what was happening with the victims. Another case of lack of communication between the professionals and the victims was that time was wasted on people that were meant to support and protect them but at the end neglected them[DS2]. The negative outcome for the Organisation Organisations involved in poor partnerships are often faced with confusion, waste of financial resources and time leading to a loss of income or revenue. In the Rochdale case study, the organisations were having problems due to lack of communication between them, as their roles werent exactly clear, they didnt know what exactly they were supposed to be doing and they also lacked basic understanding of child sexual exploitation which could put in cause led to the breakdown of the specialist child sexual exploitation team, and a huge financial loss to the tax payer. Positive outcome for the Organisations Partnerships that are run well often result in positive outcomes for service users, organisations and professionals. Using the Thetford healthy town initiative as referencer I will discuss the positive outcomes of partnerships to service users, organisations and professionals. In November 2008 Thetford was announced by the Secretary of state as one of the nine towns which was awarded health town status and a share of  £30 million investment as part of the government program to tackle obesity by increasing physical activity and healthier food choices REF. To make the program work NHS Norfolk and Breckland Council gave  £900.000 of funding from the department of Health to support the healthy town initiative REF, we can clearly see that the organisations shared the same view and had the same objective, which helped make the program a success, there was a good communication between them, everyone knew what their role was, the[DS3][DS4] organisations put their efforts together to achi eve a positive outcome, they introduced the community to a healthier lifestyle by promoting healthy food and proper diet plan. The NHS and other organisations also gave the residents more programmes that promotes healthy living. Positive outcome for the service users Good Communication is the key to a good partner relationship while working together, and in the Thetford health town initiative we could see that there was a good communication between the service users, the Professionals and the Organisations, they were given information which enabled them to make informed choices, they had autonomy over what they wanted to do, they were independent to make their own choices, their lifestyle improved which empowered them to follow the plan and have a positive outcome. Positive Outcome for the Professionals We could clearly see that the professionals involved in the Thetford healthy town initiative knew what they were doing. which means They clearly knew what their role was and were well prepared for it. The service provision was well coordinated which avoided mistakes. They approached and solved the problems in a professional way and there also was a good communication between them. They avoided duplications meaning they spent less than what was given to them. The professionals also made use of all the resources given to them by benefiting from each others expertise and at the end we could see that their efforts were met with great success as they accomplished their task at the end of the program. Through both case studies we can see that sometimes partner relationship works well and in other cases it fails. Partnership working requires effort, time, commitment and resources. It involves finding new ways of working effectively together to solve problems, sharing information between them and communicating with each other. By working together we have to remember that every thing we can do to make it work matters and if you commit to something it will result in a positive outcome. 3.2 Analyse the potential barriers to partnership working in Health and Social Care. Introduction When working together there can be a lot of barriers to partnership working, so its up to the service users the professionals and the organisations to work together to overcome those barriers. Things like lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities, negative attitudes, lack of communication, not sharing information, different priorities and different attitudes and values as well as inadequate funding can cause barriers to partnership working in health and social care. Lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities When the service user, the professionals and the organisations dont know their role or what they are supposed to do, they cant help anyone. If they dont have the right training to deal with different kinds of situations they wont be able to do their jobs properly. Also, when the professionals have an unclear role in the organisations he wont have autonomy over anything, they cannot be held accountable will not take any responsibility for failure Negative attitudes When working together we have to respect those we work with. The same goes for good partnership working, for example if a professional has a bad attitude towards a service user it might make him feel threatened and he could lose his trust in the professionals and the organisation. If the professional dont share information with each other it might put in jeopardy the partnership relationship between them. Lack of communication Lack of communication is one of the most common barriers in partnership relationship, it happens because the parties involved dont share information with each other; they hide information from each other for simple reason such as they think that they are superior to the other party or they think they can do it better the person that is supposed to do It. For example if a service provider calls the GP to ask for a service users health file and there is any kind of rivalry between the professionals they will take a long time to give the file or they might not give it at all, or in other cases if someone makes allegations about something to one organisation they will investigate and decide for themselves if they will proceed, but working together they should involve other organisations to look in to it together, and all those factors contributes to a lack of communications between the organisations, the professionals and the service users[DS5]. Different priorities and attitudes When organisations working together have different priorities it will definitely cause a barrier to partnership working, organisations have different ways of working they dont all do things the same way and sometimes when they start working in partnership with someone they might not agree to the way the other organisation work or do things which will affect their relationship and it wont be beneficial to anyone. Organisations also face professional and cultural barriers. When organisations have different ideologies, values and cultures it will affect the way they work together and to things because each company has their own way of doing things on a day-to-day basis. Sometimes when workers are used to the way their organisation is run they wont like changes. For example having morning meetings in different times then they were used to, different way of planning things or even conflict over break time can affect the relationship between the organisations. Another example is if one org anisation does everything for money and the other organisation does things because they want to help even it implies not making a profit there will be conflict of interest when managing the funding which will definitely create problems between the two organisations. [DS6] An organisation working together in partnership has its advantages and disadvantages, even though there are a lot of barriers standing in their way. Its not possible to overcome all of the barriers, but they can be reduced so that the organisations can benefit from working together, After looking through all the barriers it shows that there is always room for improvement[DS7]. 3.3 Devise strategies to improve outcomes for partnership working in health and social care services. Introduction To improve partnership working between organisations you have to identify and remove all the barriers to have an effective working relationship in all aspects of the partnership. Delivering an effective partnership outcome demands a lot of work because of different factors including difference in cultures, the way each organisation function, their accountability systems, different modes of governing and problems with the performance of the management. So I will devise some strategies to improve outcomes for partnership working in health and social care services. Communication Good communication is one of the most important aspects to improve partnership working. Organisations have to be able to communicate between themselves so that they can do their jobs better.

The Effect of Opening Scenes on Plot Setting and Characters :: Art

The Effect of Opening Scenes on Plot Setting and Characters The opening scenes of a feature film can play a major role in establishing key elements that parallel throughout the rest of the film. The three key elements are settings, characters and plot. The film "Dead Poet's Society" shall be used as an example throughout this essay. The first scene in "Dead Poet's Society" is in a dim room with a candle being lit by boys in school uniform. Although very brief, this scene is symbolic of many things. The candle being lit symbolises knowledge, which is backed up by the boys' school uniform. The boys with their college uniforms straight away state that they are in a school. The darkness of the room is also symbolic of the boys' unhappiness. The candle may also be symbolic of the light to guide them out of their misery, which is Mr Keating who appears in the following scene, which incorporates symbolic, technical and audio codes to establish setting and characters. Scene two is situated in a large assembly area much set out similar to a church with hundreds of boys in uniform seated in rows with the room quite brightly lit. One of the cameras is set so that it is positioned high above the front stage, looking down on all the boys in the assembly area. This implies that all the boys are small and easy to conquer or squash. It is symbolic of their overall weakness, even as a large group. There is a murmur of talking that is symbolic of all the boys being merged into one unit and their lack of individuality. The boys are all wearing identical uniform which again is symbolic of the boys having no individuality and their likeness to an army which is usually thought of with a negative feeling. In this scene there is no sign of any females or any female symbols such as flowers, which indicates that the school is strictly for boys. When the boys' come down the aisle playing instruments and holding flags up high, this is also somewhat representative of an army soldier blowing a beagle introducing the sergeant or whoever is in charge. In this instance, it is introducing the principal of the school who is portrayed in a negative light. The flags carried are symbolic of ancient times, which along with it carries tradition. This is also backed up by the fact that bagpipes are being played which symbolise the very religious and traditional Scotsmen and Irishmen.

Standardized Testing: The SAT and the ACT Essay -- Testing, Evaluation

Standardized testing has played an important role in the college admission decisions. The role of admission exams is always changing and evolving with time. The most prominent exams used are the SAT and the ACT. Their purpose is for gauging student knowledge for placement and possible success rate. Each test is comprised of numerous educational factors to gauge knowledge. The SAT and the ACT derived from other test forms to become what they are today. In addition to being an entrance exam, the grades obtained from these exams are used to formulate statistical information. Knowing that these tests are a requirement for college entry, one wants to do well on the exam(s). With testing tips and early preparation acceptable scores can be achieved. The SAT and ACT are both consisted of more than one section. The SAT has three sections which are critical reading, mathematics and writing. Each of these sections is divided into more detailed sections. The critical reading part of the SAT consists of comprehension, sentence reading passages, and critical reading passages. The math section on the SAT has questions about numbers and operations, geometry, statistics, probability, and data analysis. The last section of the SAT is writing. The writing section is more than just a written response to a question it consists of multiple choice questions, short essay, and critical reading passages. The ACT, like the SAT, has sections of knowledge within each section. The ACT contains slightly different from those of the SAT. The ACT has four sections: English, math, science and writing. Similar to the SAT each section has subsections. The English portion of the ACT evaluates punctuation, grammar, usage, sentence structure, rhetorical sk... ...hools, 17(4), 45-6. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database Dorans, N. (2010). Misrepresentations in Unfair Treatment by Santelices and Wilson. Harvard Educational Review, 80(3), 404-12. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database Frontline. (2011). WGBH Educational Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2011, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/where/timeline.html Hua, V. (2010). It's All in the Preparation. T.H.E. Journal, 37(7), 12, 14-15. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database Public Agenda. (2011). Public Agenda. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from Public Agenda Online: http://www.publicagenda.org The College Board. (2011). College Board. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from College Board: http://www.collegeboard.org U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. Standardized Testing: The SAT and the ACT Essay -- Testing, Evaluation Standardized testing has played an important role in the college admission decisions. The role of admission exams is always changing and evolving with time. The most prominent exams used are the SAT and the ACT. Their purpose is for gauging student knowledge for placement and possible success rate. Each test is comprised of numerous educational factors to gauge knowledge. The SAT and the ACT derived from other test forms to become what they are today. In addition to being an entrance exam, the grades obtained from these exams are used to formulate statistical information. Knowing that these tests are a requirement for college entry, one wants to do well on the exam(s). With testing tips and early preparation acceptable scores can be achieved. The SAT and ACT are both consisted of more than one section. The SAT has three sections which are critical reading, mathematics and writing. Each of these sections is divided into more detailed sections. The critical reading part of the SAT consists of comprehension, sentence reading passages, and critical reading passages. The math section on the SAT has questions about numbers and operations, geometry, statistics, probability, and data analysis. The last section of the SAT is writing. The writing section is more than just a written response to a question it consists of multiple choice questions, short essay, and critical reading passages. The ACT, like the SAT, has sections of knowledge within each section. The ACT contains slightly different from those of the SAT. The ACT has four sections: English, math, science and writing. Similar to the SAT each section has subsections. The English portion of the ACT evaluates punctuation, grammar, usage, sentence structure, rhetorical sk... ...hools, 17(4), 45-6. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database Dorans, N. (2010). Misrepresentations in Unfair Treatment by Santelices and Wilson. Harvard Educational Review, 80(3), 404-12. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database Frontline. (2011). WGBH Educational Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2011, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/where/timeline.html Hua, V. (2010). It's All in the Preparation. T.H.E. Journal, 37(7), 12, 14-15. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database Public Agenda. (2011). Public Agenda. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from Public Agenda Online: http://www.publicagenda.org The College Board. (2011). College Board. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from College Board: http://www.collegeboard.org U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics.

College essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I near the end of my high school career, I realize that I am not the same person who began 3 years ago as a freshman. While my teachers instilled the fundamental aspects of a well-rounded education, I learned through my own experience that education extends beyond the classroom. My activities in academics, athletics, community service and work experience, have instilled qualities in me that will prepare me for the immediate future of college and beyond.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My unique educational environment of a school has allowed me the opportunity to form close relationships with teachers and students alike, enabling me to interact with people of various backgrounds and ages. These experiences prepared me for my encounters beyond the realm of the classroom. Within this environment, I planned my class’ junior and senior trips. These experiences provided me with an opportunity to represent my classmates while fostering communication between the faculty and students. Currently, I participate in a class called . Twice a week, and I get together to read, review his homework, talk about current events, and share our life experiences. While this seemed intimidating at first, I learned that he depended on me to help with his work. No longer was I just ‘helping out’, but I had a responsibility to to assist with his learning and be a positive role model in his life. With these recent school experiences, I have learned how communication and c...

Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System Essay

Assignment: For each scenario that follows, explain how and why you would schedule an appointment or suggest a referral based on the patient’s reported symptoms. Be sure to first review the â€Å"Guidelines for Patient-Screening Exercises† found on page iii in the Introduction section of your Workbook. 1. A male patient calls for an appointment. He reports experiencing the sudden onset of excessive thirst and urination. He says that he is thirsty all the time and cannot seem to get enough to drink. How do you respond to this phone call? 2. A female patient calls the office and says she thinks she has swelling in her neck and is beginning to experience difficulty swallowing. How do you respond to this phone call? 3. An individual calls the office stating he is experiencing periods of rapid heartbeat and palpitations, insomnia, nervousness, and excitability. He states that despite excessive appetite and food ingestion, he is losing weight. How do you respond to this call? 4. A woman calls the office stating that her husband, who has been diagnosed with diabetes, is experiencing excessive thirst, nausea, drowsiness, and abdominal pain. She just noticed a fruity odor on his breath. She wants to know what to do. How do you respond to this call? 5. A patient calls the office saying she has started experiencing weight loss, excessive thirst, excessive hunger, and frequent urination. She also tells you her mother and aunt have diabetes. She says she just does not feel right. How do you respond to this call?

“The World Is Blue” Reflection Essay

Kylee Luckett BIO 106 Dr. Harper 4/10/2012 â€Å"The World is Blue† Sylvia Earle Review and analysis by: Kylee Luckett â€Å"It is our choices†¦ that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. † -Albus Dumbledore They say only a few will ever speak loud enough to be heard over the other seven billion voices on the planet. Today someone is shouting. Screaming off of the pages of â€Å"The World is Blue† is Sylvia Earle, National Geographic Society’s Explorer in Residence, and vast contributor to the effort to preserve the planet’s oceans.Earle’s book is not an inconvenient truth, fueled by politics and funding, but rather, by Earle’s heart for the ocean, and its unique residents. Earle explores conflict and resolution, one chapter and issue at a time. Taking Marine Wildlife: The elephant in the room Earle utilizes her chapter on fish to call the world out on the elephant in the room-overfishing. Earle discusses how at one time in history, people believed that there was an infinite amount of fish to be caught, that there would never be a day when we would see something as popular as tuna, go extinct.We are sitting on the eve of â€Å"that day. † Earle really brings out the reality of overfishing, almost mocking our early ideas of sustainable yield. â€Å".. but those pesky animals didn’t obey the rules.. So what’s wrong with the concept of sustainable yield? † (Earle) Earle makes keen note that you cannot possibly create a concept of sustainability, when you know next to nothing about the species you are supposedly â€Å"yielding†. Earle debunks the idea of a surplus in the ocean of a healthy ecosystem, stating â€Å"What APPEARS to be an overabundance to human observers is a natural insurance policy†¦ (Earle) Earle applies the same idea of questionable yield to marine mammals. She spends a fair amount of this chapter on the touchy subject that is almost alway s controversial-whaling. She lends a nod to her own initial ignorance of marine mammals in an honest confession. â€Å"I had come to regard the cats, dogs, horses, squirrels and rabbits I knew personally as individuals, but I did not think of whales the same way. † (Earle) She goes on there after, to explain her emotional experience of â€Å"meeting† a whale, and her forever changed perspective.Whaling is just the tip of the iceberg or in this case, melting glacier, for Earle. Earle shifts into the amount of marine mammals killed as â€Å"by catch†, and the epidemic that breeds within the fishing industry. What would the world think if in fact the by catch of their tuna salad was the faithful Flipper? Would they still feel safe about their claimed â€Å"dolphin safe† tuna? I recall my six year old self, carefully checking each can of tuna my mother placed in our shopping cart, seeking out that little smiling dolphin to confirm that my lunch would be free of dolphin massacre.So much has changed since those would be conservation efforts. Earle does not forget to mention the smaller, less thought of creatures-the shellfish. Earle opens her chapter with a history lesson centered on oysters, at one time in our history- she notes â€Å"†¦. they were described as hazards to navigation. † (Earle) Today, few would ever say abundant in the same sentence as oysters. Earle pay homage to the importance of the shellfish in our ocean, discussing everything from clams to my personal favorite-the octopus, whom Earle notes as a critical part of the ocean’s health.Earle closes her shellfish segment with a sentence that hits close to home. â€Å"I have decided to cease and desist, hoping that every lobster I don’t eat, will increase the chances that somewhere a lobster might live, and do what lobsters do as a part of a healthy ocean. † (Earle) With that statement, I immediately connected on a personal level to Earle. As a devout vegetarian, I too, have hopes that every animal I do not eat, will aid in the future of that species, and ultimately, our planet’s future. She lends advice however, to these dynamic and complex issues- and it is all so simple.Do not take, what you cannot replace, and do not take what you know nothing about. The world is a vampire- sent to drain. Earle’s second major concept of her book is the relentless greed of the human race. Through pollution, ignorance, and pillaging of all resources, the human race has become that of a vampire species, feeding off of the seductive lure of power, money, and claim that our planet’s oceans bring. A particular lipstick wearing, wolf hunting politician made a statement that is becoming unanimous with most of America today- â€Å"Drill baby, drill. For the unknowing, that is Sarah Palin, a woman who agrees with offshore, and in some cases, onshore drilling. The topic of oil is sensitive. Do you drill in former wildlife and marine reserves to avoid wars with your supplying companies? Most of America, even the left minded Barak Obama was nodding to the idea of on and offshore drilling in the United States’ backyard. The steadily rising price of fuel and oil are making more Americans nod yes, than ever before. Earle is shaking her head no. largely because the action occurs underwater, out of the public view, little attention has focused on what actually happens on the ocean floor where drilling takes place, or what creatures are displaced by the thousands of miles of pipeline laced across the bottom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Earle)Despite my serious vendetta against Sarah Palin, I myself, had not actually considered the impact of pipelines on the ocean floor, I was always more focused on oil spills and the tragedies which take place thereafter. Earle does make serious mention of oil spills, reliving the Exxon Valdez casualty that permanently damaged the Alaskan shoreline.The book even features the text of Earle’s testimony before Congress on the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It is not the spills, the pipelines, or the seeping of the oil that sets a tic for Earle†¦ it’s the use of the oil itself. The subject everyone has heard about, even if they didn’t want to. It doesn’t take Al Gore to make one think or hear about climate change. The 1950’s were a time for poodle skirts, milkshakes, and good old fashion family values, along with cigarettes, seat beltless cars, and DDT. My point is it should not stun anyone that emissions are impacting the planet in a â€Å"negative† way.Earle seems to feel the same. â€Å"Civilization currently thrives on oil based economies, and is continuing to do so despite herculean efforts to move away from fuels that pollute the planet today and will potentially shorten the number of tomorrows our species will have. † (Earle) Sylvia Earle is not an extreme leftist; she is an educated woman who has worked beside oil engineer leaders, government officials, and offshore experts. I believe it is these credentials that make her so magnetic, and tune readers’ thoughts to her direction. Her powerhouse chapter on oil has n Achilles’ heel, her lack of insight on solution. It is not as though she has an answer and it is not as if she is not willing to share, it is that no one has a surefire way to reroute the flight of emissions. This chapter, though mind-blowingly effective, still has an unfinished climax, much like our planet. Uneducated or Unwilling to learn? Earle is consistently using the same explanation throughout her book as to why individuals are not taking more action. In every chapter, she highlights examples of attitudes and expressions from people associated to the topic.Earle’s book is one of the tools our society now has to combat the epidemic of the uneducated on the subject of anthropogenic damage to nature. There is not a single environmental ist who at one time did not face the reality transition of a need for change. The issue is entirely complex and tedious because alongside the uneducated, are the unwilling. There has been an outward cry on the subject of climate change from Christians, denouncing it as political corruption, or that climate change is merely an effect listed in the book of Revelations.Earle does not seem to let the major issue of uneducated and unwilling affect her view on the future. She positively lists the strides being made to better understand the ocean. In Earle’s closing chapters, it is as if she is taking the reader by the hand, and showing how we can all make a difference. I found Earle’s book to be stirring. I have definitely become something of a cheerleader for Earle after reading this book. As a woman pursuing conservation science as a career, I found Earle to be a keen example of what one person can do in their field that can change the thoughts of others worldwide.Earle to ok her opportunity as an author, and produced an extraordinary document that covers every issue associated with the ocean and humans, but goes a step beyond outlining what’s wrong. Earle uniquely includes what is right, and what is currently being done to change the course of the future. I have read several books on environmental issues, and none have so effectively utilized the opportunity to educate and motivate individuals like Earle has done in her book. Earle has motivated me to keep fighting the good fight. I often struggle over if my work with polar bears ill ever be worth anything, and Earle’s book was the push I needed to continue on. Even if I do not know the outcome, at least I can say, I have made the effort in my lifetime to try. Earle sets a standard for each reader, to simply make choices in favor of the planet, and its oceans. We may not all have the ability to write books, give speeches, or work directly alongside the ocean, but we all have choices we can make to better our tomorrow. We are living in a time of great uncertainty, and are all faced with a forked road ahead of us.One leads us to certain extinction, the other to opportunity to at least try to change for the better. The world is blue today, but what will it look like tomorrow? What will our children see when they look to the sea? The answer lies entirely on our willingness to change. Will we be the generation who turned the course of the planet around? Or will we be the generation who had the opportunity and denied our own species, and so many others a future? Works Cited Earle, Sylvia A. The World is Blue. Washington DC: National Geographic, 2009.

Direct Marketing-Facebook Essay

1a) Facebook generates a revenue of 2 billion dollars a year, yes it is free for user to join but that is where they generate there money from. With over 750 million active users Facebook make the majority of their money through advertising. The ads that appear on the right border of the screen. They gather all the information about you and accordingly they let the advertisement that they think you would be interested in appear for you on the screen, more like a tailor-made advertisement. Another way of making money is selling information on users the same way of Google, Google has planned to sell their information but Facebook did not. b) some of the very important features on social networking are User-centric interface for example Facebook’s front page is exemplary for an egocentric user interface. It provides detailed information about updates and notifications of a user and also provides a one-click-interface that makes it easy to update the current status, hide information provided by friends and it updates you about people a user may know or groups or conversations that the user may be interested in. Real time updates, One of the reasons why micro-blogging services have managed to take off over the last years, was their ability to bring the new, â€Å"real-time† dimension to the social interaction on the Web. Different from instant messaging where users were mostly focused on the two-way-conversations, Twitter & Co. delivered many-ways-conversations to the Web. Simple and Usable Forms, Web forms are probably the most important design element for social media and networking sites. Forms and inputs are used in everything from sign-up to search, log-in, replying to a post or adding some other content. Since forms are extremely important, they must be usable. 2) I would defiantly agree to start the loyalty card in my hypermarket. One of the most revenue generating businesses is the super and hypermarkets. I wouldn’t look a lot about the competition the main important thing if I do own a hyper market would be the location of my store, unless I have a good name like Lulu  or Union Coop I wouldn’t open my hyper market next to well known retail hyper market. Every store has its loyal customers, the people who live close to my store will prefer to come to mine than to go somewhere far to buy there needs, people now days tend to look for the easy way, so having a loyalty card is very beneficial for me and would make my customers comfortable and think that out of what they pay they can get something back even if its minor with this loyalty card. I believe that it would be a success because every retail store has got its own loyal customers and for those I can have loyalty cards which will help in keeping them as my customers and not think of going to any of my competitors. 3) it is a part of direct marketing, in-bound and out-bound idea has came up to improve relation ship with customer and try to help in making things easier for them. For example and in-bound call is when a customer calls in it can be an employee that answers â€Å"call center† and the customer gets the chance to ask anything he wants related to that firm can be a product that hes not happy with etc in this case of ADCB it is on call banking so he can ask to debit an amount onto another account or clear a doubt that he had etc. this would let the customer be more comfortable working with this bank and not forgetting how easy it is. Not having to go all the way to the bank branch in order to finish a transaction where you can just get it done in a call. And the better the employees of the call center are with the customers the stronger the relation ship gets between the bank and its customers.